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CAS 122-99-6 | 2-Phenoxyethanol is a colorless or straw-colored oily liquid with slight solubility in water, but soluble in ethanol, and is used as an immersion anesthetic. This agent has bactericidal and fungicidal properties and has been used as a topical anesthetic. This agent can provide deep stages of anesthesia and is relatively inexpensive, nevertheless, it has no other great advantages over other drugs.
Benefits of CAS 122-99-6 | 2-Phenoxyethanol
Safe for use in low concentrations.
Phenoxyethanol is approved by several entities for use in products, including consumption:
· Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Panel;
· Food & Drug Administration (FDA);
· European Economic Community (EEC).
Studies show that it is not a primary or cumulative skin irritant. It is generally considered safe for use in a concentration of less than 1%.
Products last longer.
When you see preservatives like phenoxyethanol on your product labels, you know they will last longer. Most cosmetic items and soaps come with expiration dates, so be sure to check to see how long your products are good for before purchasing.
You should also regularly check your cabinets and throw out any products that are expired. If you have doubts about freshness, err on the side of caution.
Safety Concern Surrounding CAS 122-99-6 | 2-Phenoxyethanol
You will find mixed responses among people about the safety of this ingredient in your cosmetic products. Topical use of Phenoxyethanol is considered to be safe if used sparingly. Normally the concentration of Phenoxyethanol up to 1% is allowed in product formulae. However, overuse and overexposure to it can lead to serious health problems. It is not safe to be used internally.
The products containing Phenoxyethanol is considered to be unsafe for infants. It is advisable to avoid using products containing Phenoxyethanol if you are dealing with severe skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis or dermatitis. Keep out of the reach of children. People with sensitive skin should do a patch test before using it and check for any allergic reaction. If you notice any allergic reaction on your skin discontinue its use and immediately consult a doctor.
How Long Does CAS 122-99-6 | 2-Phenoxyethanol Last?
For products preserved with things like phenoxyethanol or other stable preservatives, you can likely get at least 18 months. That said, if you add ingredients to our bases and stock products, you'll want to consider if they will shorten the shelf life.
In general, it is up to you how you determine the expiration date of your products, let alone whether you actually put an expiration date on your packaging (which is not legally required). Be honest with your customers–they will understand the constraints of using natural and organic ingredients. And of course, make sure to store products in a cooler environment away from direct sunlight if possible.
What Is CAS 122-99-6 | 2-Phenoxyethanol Made Of?
Phenoxyethanol, or 2-phenoxyethanol, has a large spectrum of antimicrobial activity and has been widely used as a preservative in cosmetic products for decades. It is effective against various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as against yeasts, and has only a weak inhibitory effect on resident skin flora.
According to the European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, phenoxyethanol is safe for all consumers - including children of all ages - when used as a preservative in cosmetic products at a maximum concentration of 1%.
Adverse systemic effects have been observed in toxicological studies on animals but only when the levels of exposure were many magnitudes higher (around 200-fold higher) than those to which consumers are exposed when using phenoxyethanol-containing cosmetic products. Despite its widespread use in cosmetic products, phenoxyethanol is a rare sensitizer. It can be considered as one of the most well-tolerated preservatives used in cosmetic products.
What is CAS:288-16-4丨Isothiazole?
CAS:288-16-4丨Isothiazole is an organic compound consisting with the formula (CH)3S(N). The ring is unsaturated and features an S-N bond. The isomeric thiazole, where the S and N are not directly bonded are far more common. Isothiazones are produced by oxidation of enamine-thiones. The ring structure of isothiazole is incorporated into larger compounds with biological activity such as the pharmaceutical drugs ziprasidone and perospirone.
Benefits of CAS:288-16-4丨Isothiazole
Isothiazole (1,2-thiazoles) is a five-membered heteroaromatic and considered to be derived from thiophene in which the second position is occupied by a nitrogen atom. Various penicillins and cephalosporins having an isothiazole ring system have shown considerable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Many compounds with an isothiazole scaffold demonstrated a wide range of biological profiles, including antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, and anticonvulsive agents. Some of these molecules have been efficiently used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. That isothiazole-based compounds show synergistic effects when used with other biocidal compounds. These molecules also act as herbicides and in combination with other herbicidal molecules they often enhance their efficacy.
In addition, isothiazole derivatives have applications in color photography because they have been used for the stabilization of photomaterials.868 Some of the important compounds of this class are used as drugs and in clinical trials as mentioned in the following diagram.
What Is the Structure of CAS:288-16-4丨Isothiazole?
CAS: 288-16-4丨Isothiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, π-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system. It is also called 1,3-thiazole.
The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. The calculated π electron density revealed that C5 is the primary site followed by C4 for electrophilic substitution, whereas C2 is the preferred site for nucleophilic substitution.
What Are the Properties Of CAS:288-16-4丨Isothiazole?
Physical Properties
Thiazole is a pale-yellow flammable, with a pyridine-like odor, a bp of 116–118°C, and a pKa of 2.5 (conjugate acid). Its density is 1.2 gm/cm3, and it is fairly soluble in ether and alcohol but sparingly soluble in water. The ionization potential is 9.50 eV and its dipole moment is 1.61 D.
UV (ethanol), λnm (ε): 207.5 (3.41), 233.0 (3.57).
1H NMR (CDCl3), δ (ppm): C2–H, 8.88; C3–H, 7.41; C4–H, 7.98.
13C NMR (CDCl3), δ (ppm): C2, 153.6; C4, 143.3; C5, 119.6.
Chemical Reactivity
Thiazole is more basic than oxazole but less basic than pyridine and forms stable picrate salts. Its chemical reactivity is very similar to thiophene and pyridine due to the presence of thiophene-type sulfur at position 1 and pyridine-type nitrogen at position 3 of the thiazole ring. There are three possible sites, sulfur, nitrogen, and C5, for electrophilic reactions. However, electronically poor site C2 is prone to nucleophilic attack.
Electrophilic Reactions at Nitrogen
Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring. The nitrogen in thiazole is sp2 hybridized and the lone pair of electrons localized on the nitrogen is less reactive due to increased aromatic character and decreased basicity. It is protonated and alkylated/acylated at nitrogen forming hydrochloride and quaternary thiazolium salt.
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