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What is CAS 25057-89-0 | Bentazone?
CAS 25057-89-0 | Bentazone is a benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3. It has a role as an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a herbicide.
Benefits of CAS 25057-89-0 | Bentazone
• Functionalized silica is successfully used for bentazone and imazapyc removal.
• The maximum adsorption capacities is 3-aminopropyl > silica >3-mercaptopropyl.
• An increase in ionic strength produces an enhancement in the removal of pesticides.
• Isotherms are Ib-type and follow the Langmuir model (monolayer physical adsorption).
• The values efficiency are 50–70% in bentazone and 40–50% in imazapyc removals.
CAS 25057-89-0 | Bentazone Persistence and Movement in the Environment
Although bentazon does not have soil activity, it has low to moderate persistence with a soil dissipation half-life, DT50, of 7-33 days. The dissipation time, DT50 for foliar residues is 5.5 days.
Bentazon does not adsorb strongly to soil, Koc = 3-176 mL/goc. It has a medium to high potential to leach to groundwater or move offsite to surface water. Monitoring studies have demonstrated that bentazon can leach to groundwater in certain vulnerable environments. Bentazon can also runoff fields dissolved in surface water.
Bentazone selectively controls broadleaved weeds in leguminous crops such as soybean, dry bean, pea, and peanut. It can be used postemergence in corn, sorghum, rice, and established spearmint and peppermint.
A post-emergence herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds in crops such as beans, corn, mint, soybeans, rice, and peanuts. All products formerly marketed in the U.S. contain the sodium salt of bentazon as the active ingredient, referred to as sodium bentazon.
Also used in selective post-emergent control of broadlelaf weeds and sedges in alfalfa, asparagus, cereals, clover, digitalis, dry peas, flax, garlic, grasses, green lima beans, mint, onions, potatoes, snap beans for seed, sorghum, soybeans and sugarcane.
The effective utilization of herbicides is determined by environmental conditions before, during, and after its application. Increasing light intensity at the application of herbicide results in higher photosynthesis and subsequent phloem translocation to increase the movement of foliar-applied herbicides. The stomata remain open at high light intensity, thus increasing tissue penetration of foliar herbicides. Thus, the effectiveness of POST herbicides depends on light intensity during application.
One of the most important environmental factors are air temperature and relative humidity (RH), which alter the performance of herbicides in weed control. Absorption and translocation of bentazone in plant increases with higher temperatures. At high temperatures, herbicide absorption is enhanced through reduced cuticle waxes and increased herbicide diffusion through the cuticle. With high temperatures and high RH levels, the cuticle is highly hydrated, thereby promoting absorption of herbicides.
Generally, humidity has a greater effect on herbicide uptake than temperature. Increased humidity increases the uptake of bentazone. For instance, increased uptake of bentazone at 80% RH rather than one at 40% RH was observed in seven plant species. Additionally, high RH levels favor the efficiency of foliar-applied herbicides by affecting herbicide uptake through interactions between the herbicide droplet, leaf cuticle, stomatal opening, and water in or around droplets. The effects of low humidity on bentazone uptake can be overcome by adding adjuvants. For example, enhancement of bentazone uptake by adjuvants was more pronounced at 40% RH than at 80% RH. Bentazone was found to be very mobile in soil at natural RH due to its high-water solubility. Bentazone's herbicidal activity is very low in dry soil; however, its activity increases with increasing soil moisture content and highly active at slightly flooded conditions. Herbicide performance is generally reduced on moisture stressed plants under dry or low soil moisture conditions because plant morphology and physiology are both affected. Understanding of the environmental factors that cause low herbicide efficiency makes it possible to consider the appropriate conditions such as temperature and humidity to spray, thereby maximizing the dose applied and minimizing the processing costs.
Trichlorfon is a white crystalline solid. It is a wettable powder. It can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. It is used as a pesticide. It is an organic phosphonate, a phosphonic ester and an organochlorine compound.
Benefits of CAS 52-68-6 | Trichlorfon
Trichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide used to control cockroaches, crickets, silverfish, bedbugs, fleas, cattle grubs, flies, ticks, leafminers and leaf-hoppers.
It is applied to vegetable, fruit and field crops; livestock; ornamental and forestry plantings; in agricultural premises and domestic settings; in greenhouses, and for control of parasites of fish in designated aquatic environments.
It is also used for treating domestic animals for control of internal parasites.
Trichlorfon is a selective insecticide, meaning that it kills selected insects, but spares many or most other organisms.
Trichlorfon is toxic to target insects through direct applications and by ingestion. In other words, it works both by contact and stomach poison action.
Trichlorfon acts by interfering with an essential nervous system enzyme, cholinesterase.
Active ingredient is trichlorfon, which acts as a contact poison. It is intended for use only when grubs or other targeted insects are present. It must be watered into the insect zone (1/2" to 1" of water) within 24 hours of application. Once watered in, the targeted insect is killed on contact and the active ingredient then degrades rapidly.
Read the label carefully of the brand you have selected. Apply the product according to the directions on the label. Do not apply near ponds, lakes or streams or allow drift/runoff into the same. Keep children and pets off treated lawn until the grass has been watered and allowed to dry.
Usage of CAS 52-68-6 | Trichlorfon
• An insecticide, trichlorfon is used on golf course turf, home lawns, non-food contact areas of food and meat processing plants, ornamental shrubs and plants, and ornamental and bait fish ponds to control insects such as lepidopteran larvae (caterpillars), white grubs, mole crickets, cattle lice, sod webworms, leaf miners, stink bugs, flies, ants, cockroaches, earwigs, crickets, diving beetle, water scavenger beetle, water boatman backswimmer, water scorpions, giant water bugs and pillbugs. Trichlorfon is also used overseas on cattle as a pour-on treatment.
• Average domestic usage of trichlorfon is about one million pounds active ingredient (a.i.) per year. In terms of pounds a.i., total usage is allocated mainly to lawn care operators (74%) and golf courses (18%). However, on average, less than 2% of all turf sites are treated with trichlorfon. Other sites with small usage include landscaping, institutional turf, turf farms, nursery/greenhouse, livestock and general farm use . Application rates per acre on these sites are generally less than 7 pounds a.i. per acre.
There are two chemicals, carbaryl and trichlorfon, that are considered curative treatments. They are short-lived compounds that kill all life stages of grubs. These two insecticides are the only options if high numbers of grubs are found in the fall and in spring before early May. Our research indicates they will kill 20-80% of grubs when applied in September or 20-55% when applied in late October. They are not as effective as the preventive compounds in reducing grub numbers.
Consider carefully whether it would be best to wait and apply a preventive later. If the need should arise to use a curative compound, make sure to keep the infested lawn watered and fertilized and treat the area again with a preventive application the next summer or the problem will likely reoccur in the fall or the following spring. Current research also shows that watering with 0.5 inches of irrigation immediately after the application is essential to get effective results from these insecticides.
That carbaryl has been a little more effective on European chafer grubs than trichlorfon. Both compounds work equally well on Japanese beetle grubs. It will take 10-14 days for the grubs to begin dying after the insecticide is applied. One trichlorfon product has "24 Hour Grub Control" in its name and would seem to indicate that it will kill grubs in 24 hours. However, even trichlorfon should not be evaluated for at least five days after application (assuming it rains or irrigation was applied), and carbaryl may need three to four weeks to be effective. Do not apply any curative compounds in the spring after May 15 as grubs stop feeding in late May as they prepare to pupate. As with the preventive products, lawns should be mowed immediately before applying carbaryl or trichlorfon to protect bees.
On an acute basis, trichlorfon is highly toxic to moderately toxic to birds. Trichlorfon subacute dietary toxicity is classified as moderately toxic to practically non-toxic. Avian reproductive studies indicate that there will be effects on reproduction at levels of trichlorfon as low as 30 mg/L.
Trichlorfon was determined to have low toxicity to honey bees. Acute toxicity measurements with trichlorfon range from highly toxic to practically non-toxic to freshwater fish. Chronic toxicity testing with fish indicate that the maximum allowable toxicant concentration (MATC) for trichlorfon is between 110 and 160 g/L.
Acute toxicity testing on aquatic invertebrates indicate that trichlorfon is very highly toxic to all test species except crayfish, to which it was found to be moderately toxic. Chronic toxicity testing with aquatic invertebrates indicate that the MATC for trichlorfon is between 5.6 and 8.6 ng/L.
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Gnee Chemicals is one of the subsidiaries of the Gnee Group. With decades of experience in the research, production, and marketing of organic chemicals, Gnee Chemicals has emerged as a global chemical supplier integrating research, development, and manufacturing.
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