Toluene is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic reagents due to the presence of a methyl group attached to the benzene ring. The methyl group is an electron-donating group, which increases the electron density on the benzene ring through both inductive and hyperconjugative effects.
Why does benzene have unusual stability?
It is this completely filled set of bonding orbitals, or closed shell, that gives the benzene ring its thermodynamic and chemical stability, just as a filled valence shell octet confers stability on the inert gases.
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Gneebio, with decades of experience in research, manufacturing, and marketing of organic chemicals, is one of the leading exporters of chemical products in Henan, China. Over the years, we have been committed to the chemical industries of intermediates, plastic additives, water treatment chemicals and fungicides, and daily chemicals.
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