What is another name for acetonitrile?
Cyanomethane
Acetonitrile is a colourless, highly flammable liquid. Other names for acetonitrile are methyl cyanide and cyanomethane.
Is ACN acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)?
Acetonitrile is physical properties manifest as a colorless, transparent liquid possessing a distinctive pungent odor. As a non-protonic solvent, acetonitrile exhibits exceptional solubility, dissolving various organic compounds, inorganic salts, and gaseous substances. It forms an infinitely miscible system with water, methanol, ethanol, and other alcohol-based solvents.
What is the polarity of acetonitrile?
acetonitrile polarity
Acetonitrile is a polar solvent capable of dissolving numerous organic compounds and some inorganic compounds. It exhibits good solubility and stability, oxidizing and decomposing relatively slowly at room temperature. In industry, acetonitrile is commonly used as a solvent, extractant, chemical reaction medium, and electrolyte.
What is acetonitrile(ACN) used for?
Acetonitrile, as a polar organic solvent, has a wide range of applications. Below are several common application areas:
Chemical Synthesis
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) is a commonly used solvent and dehydrating agent in many organic synthesis reactions.
Pharmaceuticals
Acetonitrile is a common solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, used in the production of antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, and drug intermediates. Additionally, it possesses good antibacterial properties, making it suitable for medical device sterilization and detergent formulations.
Metal Surface Treatment
Acetonitrile also serves as an electroplating solvent and polishing agent. During metal surface treatment, it forms complexes with impurity ions in metals, facilitating the removal of surface contaminants.
Other Applications
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) also serves as a solvent or reaction intermediate for dyes, coatings, plastics, rubber, textiles, and other materials. Furthermore, it is employed in sample preparation for instrumental analysis techniques such as gas chromatography, NMR, and infrared spectroscopy.
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)：Safety and Health Hazards
Small amounts of acetonitrile are relatively toxic, but in large doses, it can be converted into hydrogen cyanide, which is toxic. Since it takes time for the body to metabolize acetonitrile to cyanide, its toxic effects are delayed. The eyes, throat, lungs, and nose can become irritated.
Its long-term effects are thyroid enlargement, headaches, numbness, lack of appetite, dizziness, weakness, and tremors. Scientists observe animal reproductive problems, including birth defects and low birth weights. Acetonitrile can affect the liver, lungs, central nervous system, and kidneys for a long time.
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