1,2-Propanediol, also known as Propylene Glycol, or PG for short, is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid. It is a small molecule organic compound. It is hygroscopic and stable under normal conditions, but it easily generates propionaldehyde, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and acetic acid at high temperatures. It is miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform, and soluble in ether. Its CAS number is 57-55-6, its EINECS number is 200-338-0, its chemical formula is C₃H₈O₂, and its molecular weight is 76.09. Its density at 25°C is 1.036 g/ml (literature value), its melting point is - 60°C (literature value), and its boiling point is 187°C (literature value).
1,2-Propanediol/Propylene Glycol
1,2-Propanediol is an important organic compound with uses in many fields:
- Food industry: Propylene Glycol has good solubility and can be used as a solvent for food additives to improve the appearance and flavor of food; it can absorb moisture in the air, prevent food from drying out, and extend the shelf life of food; it can lower the freezing point of water and be added to some frozen foods to prevent the formation of excessively large ice crystals during the freezing process, thereby maintaining the texture and taste of the food.
- Pharmaceutical industry: Many drug ingredients have poor solubility in water. Propylene Glycol can be used as a solvent to help dissolve drugs and make various dosage forms; in some topical preparations, 1,2-Propanediol can moisturize and prevent the preparations from drying out. It also has a certain antibacterial effect, which helps to extend the shelf life of drugs; PG can increase the permeability of the skin, promote the absorption of drugs through the skin, and improve the efficacy of drugs.
- Cosmetics industry: PG is one of the commonly used moisturizing ingredients in cosmetics. It can form a moisturizing film on the skin surface to prevent water loss and keep the skin moist and smooth. It is used to dissolve some oil-soluble ingredients in cosmetics, such as vitamins, plant extracts, etc., to make the formula of cosmetics more stable and uniform. In some cosmetics used in low-temperature environments, it can be used as an antifreeze to prevent the product from freezing and deteriorating.
- Industrial field: PG is an important raw material for the production of polymer materials such as polyester resin, polyether resin, and polyurethane. The aqueous solution of 1,2-Propanediol has good antifreeze properties and can be used in the cooling system of automobiles and ships. Because it has a high boiling point and a low freezing point, and its chemical properties are stable, it can be used as a heat transfer medium in industrial production to transfer heat in some processes that require temperature control.
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