N-Propyl alcohol (also known as 1-propanol or propyl alcohol) is an organic compound. The following is a detailed introduction to n-propanol:
Basic Information
- Chemical Formula: CH₃CH₂CH₂OH (C₃H₇OH)
- Molecular Weight: 60.10
- CAS Number: 71-23-8
Physical Properties
- Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid
- Melting Point: -126.5°C (some sources report -127°C)
- Boiling Point: 97.4°C (some sources report 97.1°C)
- Flash Point: 15°C
- Density: 0.804 g/cm³ (some sources give relative density 0.80, water = 1)
- Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, and ether; also miscible with most alcohols, ethers, and other organic solvents
Chemical Properties
- Functional Group: Hydroxyl (-OH)
- Incompatible Substances: Strong oxidizers, acid anhydrides, acids, halogens
- Reaction Types: Exhibits typical alcohol reactions, including elimination, oxidation, substitution, and esterification. Under acidic conditions, n-propanol can easily undergo dehydration to form alkenes, which can then undergo oxidative cleavage of C–C bonds to produce small molecular compounds.
1-Propanol Uses
- Organic Synthesis: 1-Propanol can be used to produce pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates, making it widely applied in the manufacture of drugs and agrochemicals.
- Industrial Applications: It is also used in industries such as nitro paints, cosmetics, dental cleansers, insecticides, disinfectants, inks, and plastics.
- Solvent: 1-Propanol serves as a solvent, as well as a reagent for chromatographic and layer analysis.
- Fuel: It can be blended with alkanes and alkenes to form mixed fuels, increasing combustion temperature.
- Ethanol Substitute: N-propanol can replace low-boiling ethanol as a solvent for certain synthetic resins, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, vegetable oils, natural rubber, and other resin materials.
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