polar aprotic solvent
Acetonitrile is classified as a polar aprotic solvent. Its polarity arises from the large dipole moment of the carbon-nitrogen triple bond (C≡N). However, unlike water or ethanol, it cannot donate hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen bonds, which is why it is called 'aprotic'.
acetonitrile soluble in water
Acetonitrile is very soluble in water. Acetonitrile mixes with most organic solvents, e.g. alcohols, esters, acetone, ether, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and many unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Uses of acetonitrile (ACN) solvent
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8), as a polar organic solvent, has extensive applications. Below are several common application areas:
Chemical Synthesis
Acetonitrile serves as a common solvent and dehydrating agent in numerous organic synthesis reactions.
Pharmaceuticals
Acetonitrile is a widely used solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, employed in the production of antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, drug intermediates, and more.
Metal Surface Treatment
During metal surface processing, acetonitrile forms complexes with impurity ions in metals, facilitating the removal of surface contaminants and pollutants.
Other Applications
Acetonitrile also serves as a solvent or reaction intermediate for dyes, coatings, plastics, rubber, textiles, and more. Additionally, it is used for sample pretreatment in instrumental analyses such as gas chromatography, NMR, and infrared spectroscopy.
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)：Safety and Health Hazards
Small amounts of acetonitrile are relatively toxic, but in large doses, it can be converted into hydrogen cyanide, which is toxic. Since it takes time for the body to metabolize acetonitrile to cyanide, its toxic effects are delayed. The eyes, throat, lungs, and nose can become irritated.
Its long-term effects are thyroid enlargement, headaches, numbness, lack of appetite, dizziness, weakness, and tremors. Scientists observe animal reproductive problems, including birth defects and low birth weights. Acetonitrile can affect the liver, lungs, central nervous system, and kidneys for a long time.
Acetonitrile Storage
Acetonitrile Storage Guidelines
Acetonitrile should be stored in closed, tightly sealed containers, kept well away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Ensure the storage area is dry, well-ventilated, and clearly segregated from substances that may react with acetonitrile, including:
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Strong acids
- Reducing agents
- Bases
Storage containers should be regularly inspected for signs of leakage, corrosion, or physical damage to ensure long-term safety.
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