Is acetonitrile (ACN) soluble in water?
Acetonitrile is very soluble in water. It mixes with most organic solvents, e.g. alcohols, esters, acetone, ether, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and many unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Is acetonitrile hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Organic solvents (referred to as solvent) can be classified into two groups: hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Hydrophilic solvents, such as acetonitrile, have been extensively used in analytical settings and as solubilizing agents in the plastic and petrochemical industries.
What type of solvent is acetonitrile?
aprotic polar organic solvent
Acetonitrile or methyl cyanide is a highly volatile, aprotic polar organic solvent.
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8), as a polar organic solvent, has extensive applications. Below are several common application areas:
Chemical Synthesis
Acetonitrile serves as a common solvent and dehydrating agent in numerous organic synthesis reactions.
Pharmaceuticals
Acetonitrile is a widely used solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, employed in the production of antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, drug intermediates, and more.
Metal Surface Treatment
During metal surface processing, acetonitrile forms complexes with impurity ions in metals, facilitating the removal of surface contaminants and pollutants.
Other Applications
Acetonitrile also serves as a solvent or reaction intermediate for dyes, coatings, plastics, rubber, textiles, and more. Additionally, it is used for sample pretreatment in instrumental analyses such as gas chromatography, NMR, and infrared spectroscopy.
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)：Safety and Health Hazards
Small amounts of acetonitrile are relatively toxic, but in large doses, it can be converted into hydrogen cyanide, which is toxic. Since it takes time for the body to metabolize acetonitrile to cyanide, its toxic effects are delayed. The eyes, throat, lungs, and nose can become irritated.
Its long-term effects are thyroid enlargement, headaches, numbness, lack of appetite, dizziness, weakness, and tremors. Scientists observe animal reproductive problems, including birth defects and low birth weights. Acetonitrile can affect the liver, lungs, central nervous system, and kidneys for a long time.
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