Structure Of Acetonitrile (acn) - C2H3N or CH3CN
According to organic chemistry, a nitrile is a carbon atom with a triple bond to a nitrogen atom. Acetonitrile is the simplest organic nitrile because it contains a carbon-nitrogen triple bond.
Acetonitrile (acn) Formula
Acetonitrile Formula is a volatile organic molecule that has the chemical formula C2H3N or CH3CN. Cyanomethane and methane carbonitrile are other names for acetonitrile. Acetonitrile is its IUPAC name. Acetonitrile Formula is a nitrile, a type of hydrogen cyanide in which a methyl group stands in for the hydrogen (H) (-CH3). Acetonitrile is a clear liquid that has no colour at all. Acetonitrile Formula has a pleasant scent. Acetonitrile Formula is less dense than water in comparison. Its vapours have a higher density as compared to air. Acetonitrile has a flavour that is somewhat pleasant and is readily soluble in water.
Physical Properties of Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 41.05 g/mol |
| Boiling Point | 81.60 °C |
| Freezing Point | −43.8 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | 88.8 Torr at 25 °C |
| Density (20 °C) | 0.7822 g/mL (6.527 lb/gal) |
| Density (25 °C) | 0.7766 g/mL (6.481 lb/gal) |
| Refractive Index | 1.3441 at 20 °C |
| Dielectric Constant | 37.5 at 20 °C |
| Dipole Moment | 3.44 D at 20 °C |
| Solvent Group | 6 |
| Polarity Index (P′) | 5.8 |
| Eluotropic Value (Alumina) | 0.65 |
| Eluotropic Value (Octadecylsilane, C18) | 3.1 |
| Eluotropic Value (Silica) | 0.52 |
| Viscosity | 0.38 cP at 15 °C |
| Surface Tension | 19.10 dyn/cm at 20 °C |
| Solubility in Water | Miscible in all proportions |
What type of solvent is ACN?
Acetonitrile or methyl cyanide is a highly volatile, aprotic polar organic solvent.
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8), as a polar organic solvent, has extensive applications. Below are several common application areas:
Chemical Synthesis
Acetonitrile serves as a common solvent and dehydrating agent in numerous organic synthesis reactions.
Pharmaceuticals
Acetonitrile is a widely used solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, employed in the production of antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, drug intermediates, and more.
Metal Surface Treatment
During metal surface processing, acetonitrile forms complexes with impurity ions in metals, facilitating the removal of surface contaminants and pollutants.
Other Applications
Acetonitrile also serves as a solvent or reaction intermediate for dyes, coatings, plastics, rubber, textiles, and more. Additionally, it is used for sample pretreatment in instrumental analyses such as gas chromatography, NMR, and infrared spectroscopy.
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)：Safety and Health Hazards
Small amounts of acetonitrile are relatively toxic, but in large doses, it can be converted into hydrogen cyanide, which is toxic. Since it takes time for the body to metabolize acetonitrile to cyanide, its toxic effects are delayed. The eyes, throat, lungs, and nose can become irritated.
Its long-term effects are thyroid enlargement, headaches, numbness, lack of appetite, dizziness, weakness, and tremors. Scientists observe animal reproductive problems, including birth defects and low birth weights. Acetonitrile can affect the liver, lungs, central nervous system, and kidneys for a long time.
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