What is Acetonitrile?
Acetonitrile (CAS No. 75-05-8) is a nitrile which is a hydrogen cyanide where the hydrogen (H) is replaced by a methyl group (-CH3). It is a volatile organic compound. It is also called Cyanomethane or Methyl Cyanide. The chemical formula of Acetonitrile is C2H3N.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Acetonitrile
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Acetonitrile |
| CAS Number | 75-05-8 |
| Molecular Formula | C₂H₃N |
| Molecular Weight | 41.05 g/mol |
| Structure Type | Linear nitrile compound |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent liquid |
| Odor | Mild ether-like odor |
| Polarity | Polar aprotic solvent |
| Freezing Point / Melting Point | -45°C (approx.) |
| Boiling Point | 81.6°C |
For detailed information on the properties of acetonitrile, please click here.
Chemical Structure of Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile has the chemical formula (C2H3N). Its structure consists of a methyl group ((CH_3)) bonded to a cyano group ((-C≡N)). The carbon - nitrogen triple bond in the cyano group is very strong, with a bond energy of approximately 891 kJ/mol. This strong bond gives acetonitrile some unique chemical and physical properties. The linear arrangement of the (C≡N) group makes the molecule polar, with a dipole moment of about 3.92 D. This polarity is important as it influences its solubility and reactivity.
Uses of Acetonitrile (C2H3N)
- Acetonitrile is used as a solvent in the extraction process of hydrocarbons.
- It is used to separate fatty acids from vegetable oil.
- Used in making perfumes.
- It is widely used in the production of synthetic pharmaceuticals.
- It is used in the manufacturing of rubber.
- It is used in refining as well as extraction of copper.
- Used as a solvent in electrochemical cells.
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