The Common Dry Cleaning Process Using Perchloroethylene (PCE)
Dry cleaning is a method of cleaning garments and fabrics without water, instead using a perchloroethylene solvent. Also known as PCE tetrachloroethene, Perchloroethylene (PCE), or Perchloroethylene Liquid, this colorless, nonflammable chemical dissolves oils, grease, and stains effectively. This article explains how the dry cleaning process works using chemical PCE, its advantages, and potential drawbacks.
How Dry Clean with PCE Works
The dry cleaning process using Perchloroethylene Liquid involves several key steps:
- Pre-treatment: Garments are inspected for stains, damage, and hardware like buttons. Stains are pre-treated with specialized chemicals or solvents to loosen them. Clothes are then sorted by color, fabric type, and degree of soiling.
- Dry Cleaning: Clothes are placed in a machine resembling a large washing machine, which is filled with perchloroethylene solvent. The machine agitates the fabrics to remove dirt and stains, then spins to recover the Perchloroethylene (PCE).
- Post-treatment: Garments are dried with warm air, and the used Perchloroethylene Liquid is filtered and recycled for future use. Items are checked again for residual stains or damages, which can be re-treated or repaired if necessary.
- Finishing: Finally, clothes are pressed, steamed, or ironed to remove wrinkles and restore shape. They are folded, hung, or packaged according to customer preferences.
Advantages of Dry Cleaning with PCE
Using dry clean with PCE offers several benefits:
- Cleans delicate fabrics that may shrink, fade, or deform when washed with water.
- Effectively removes oil-based stains that water-based detergents cannot.
- Preserves the color, texture, and appearance of fabrics longer than traditional washing.
- Can eliminate bacteria, fungi, and insects that may be present in garments.
Disadvantages of Dry Cleaning with PCE
There are also some drawbacks to consider:
- Perchloroethylene Liquid is a volatile organic compound (VOC) and can be harmful to human health and the environment if mishandled. It may contaminate air, soil, or water and is classified as a potential carcinogen.
- Some fabrics, such as silk, wool, leather, and fur, may be damaged by chemical PCE.
- Residual solvent odor may remain on fabrics if not thoroughly rinsed.
- Dry cleaning with PCE tetrachloroethene can be more expensive than water-based washing methods.
Conclusion
Dry cleaning using Perchloroethylene (PCE) remains a widely used method for garments that cannot be washed with water. It effectively removes tough stains and preserves fabric quality, but proper handling and adherence to safety standards are essential to minimize environmental and health risks.
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