The salient feature of contemporary life science is that the breakthrough achievements of molecular biology have become the growth point of life science, which has revolutionized the position of life science in natural science. In the 50s of the 20th century, the discovery of the double helix structure of the genetic material DNA ushered in a new era of studying life activities at the molecular level. Since then, the establishment of the "central law" of genetic information from DNA to protein through RNA and the decipherment of the genetic code have provided a theoretical basis for the birth of genetic engineering. The artificial synthesis of proteins has made people realize that the phenomenon of life is not mysterious. These major research results have clarified that nucleic acids and proteins are the most basic substances of life, and life activities are carried out under the catalytic action of enzymes. The vast majority of enzymes are proteins in nature. Protein is the main bearer of the regulation and control of all life activities. In this way, the structure, function and interrelationship of proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids and other biological macromolecules are revealed, and a theoretical foundation is laid for the study of the nature and activity laws of life phenomena.
